Different types of survey methods help provide different kinds of information or insights that you seek.

Perhaps you need to take an important strategic decision, and every informed decision needs data. Maybe you want to know what your customers think of your new products. Or, what do your employees feel about your workplace? Or even: who’s likely to win the next election?

You can’t gaze into a crystal ball for the answers. But you can choose from different types of survey methods.

What is a Survey Method?

Survey method generally refers to the process used to gather data. It influences the exchange of ideas and information between the researcher and participants.

There are many ways to deploy surveys. To elaborate, surveys help us to shape the future with first-hand data from the present. But to successfully achieve your survey purpose, you must choose an apt survey method.

Choosing the right survey research method depends on your objective, timeline, budget, and sample. There are two broad categories of survey methods: qualitative and quantitative.

Let’s look at the different types of survey methods to help you choose the one right for you.

15 Types of Survey Methods to Choose From

If you want to gather relevant customer data, you have to choose the right survey method. Below given are nine different survey methods you can consider.

Online Survey Method
Chat Surveys
Face-to-Face Surveys
Focus Groups
Panel Sampling
Phone Survey
Mail Surveys
Kiosk Surveys
Paper Surveys
SMS Surveys
Social Media Surveys
Email Surveys
Mobile App Surveys
Video Surveys
QR Code Surveys

1. Online Survey Method

online survey method

Online surveys are one of the best types of survey methods you can try to collect and analyze customer insights.

When to Use Them

Online surveys are ideal for reaching a large audience quickly and cost-effectively. You can ask a diverse set of survey questions to collect different types of feedback. We highly recommend using this when you want to collect both quantitative and qualitative feedback.

Pros:

Easy to build surveys using intuitive survey builder, with different question types, multiple choice, rank-based, heat map, rating based, and many more
Use survey, questionnaire templates to conduct surveys in almost every industry
Use AI survey builder to create surveys with just prompts
Conversational UI, that gives you more than 40% completion rate. A better completion rate means better data!
Share via multiple platforms, including WhatsApp, Social Share, etc.

Cons:

There are certain sections of the population that can’t access the internet. Online surveys pose a challenge in such cases, but one can use offline surveys in those scenarios.
Online surveys don’t have an interviewer to clarify queries compared to face-to-face surveys. So, it's possible make mistakes.

Here are 6 common mistakes in survey questions that you should avoid.

The online survey software like SurveySparrow has real-time reporting and analysis since the responses are stored automatically. And the AI features helps you create surveys faster and better. Moreover, people will answer sensitive questions honestly because you can set online surveys to ‘Anonymous’ mode or encrypt the fields with passcodes.

ai survey feature in surveysparrow

SurveySparrow offers a free trial for users to test out the product. Sign up here to create a similar online survey, plus loads of really cool features like response management, order forms, video surveys, and more!

Sign up for free forever plan and try out the AI feature for yourselves.

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2. Chat Surveys

Chat surveys are a newer survey method that allows respondents to answer questions through a chat interface. This type of survey is beneficial for businesses because it allows them to gather real-time feedback and can be used to generate leads or qualify potential customers.

Additionally, chat surveys are easy to use and can be tailored to fit the specific needs of your business. If you are looking for a way to gather feedback from your customers or leads, then a chat survey may be the perfect solution for you.

When to Use Them

Chat surveys are the best way to offer real-time feedback on products, services, or experiences. It can engage users in a more conversational format, enhancing response rate. It's also useful for brief surveys the require quick and straightforward responses.

SurveySparrow lets you create stunning chat surveys with a chatbot in less than a minute. Try for FREE!

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3. Face-to-Face Surveys

face to face surveys - type of survey method.png

Face-to-face surveys require little effort on the part of the respondents as the interviewer meets them at a prearranged time and location. The interviewer works directly with the respondents while filling out the survey and clarifies their doubts.

When to Use Them

Use these types of methods when you want to ask complex questions. It's possible that respondents may need clarification for certain survey questions. In those cases, use this survey method.

Also, this will be effective for individuals with lower literacy rates who may need direct interactions.

Pros:

Face-to-face surveys are apt for respondents who have low literacy.
In addition, it helps uncover deep insights by asking more open-ended questions. The interviewers can make sure that the respondents pay attention without getting distracted.
To ensure that no data goes ignored, the researcher records the interview.

Cons:

Face-to-face surveys can be long and time-consuming.
They are pricey due to travel expenses and the costs of hiring and training an interviewer.
Due to logistical limits, the survey is confined to a particular location.
The success of the survey relies heavily on the interviewer’s skills.
There is no anonymity. Hence respondents would be hesitant to answer questions of a sensitive nature.
Many studies have also pointed out interviewer bias. Interviewers may give verbal or non-verbal cues as to how they should respond. This bias might skew the overall results.
Researchers observed that participants often changed their responses or behavior in a third person’s presence. This is the Hawthorne effect – another unavoidable bias in face-to-face surveys.

Compared to other types of survey methods, face-to-face surveys offer profound insights and accuracy. But it is expensive and time-intensive.

4. Focus Groups

Like the face-to-face survey, the focus group survey method is in-person. The only difference is that there is a group of people (around 6 to 10). The group is selected to represent the survey’s target population. Each person can share their feedback on a topic while a moderator leads the group. Their role is to control the flow of discussion and reduce bias.

When to Use Them

Consider focus groups when you want to gather qualitative data on attitudes and perceptions. It can be helpful for discussing new products or concepts with a representative group.

Pros:

This survey method is good for market research because it lets you uncover personal attitudes and perceptions.
Focus groups are increasingly becoming digital. There are no geographical restrictions – anyone can participate from anywhere.
Focus groups perfectly complement a quantitative survey method. A focus group study conducted right before surveying a larger population can reinforce insights.

Cons:

Selecting the apt participants takes time.
The participants should be aware of the research objectives and essential facts before the discussion.
It helps if you decide what questions the moderator should ask and prepare a script for the questions.
Certain participants may dominate the discussion. So the opinions expressed may not represent that of the population.
This survey method is also a bit cost-intensive. You may have to incentivize participants and moderators and bear their travel expenses.

5. Panel Sampling

Panel sampling is when you choose people randomly from a target audience to be a part of a panel. This panel is then part of a study that requires them to take recurring surveys over a period.

For example, a longitudinal study where researchers can observe changes in customer perception and behavior over a period.

When to Use Them

These are suitable for studies requiring repeated measures over time to observe the changes. The changes can be customer attitudes or behaviors. This type of survey method is effective when you need consistent feedback from a specific group.

Pros:

Organizations ranging from news media and government agencies to market research companies employ panel surveys. They roll out similar surveys to the target audience many times over various weeks and months.
Say, a survey at one point in time indicates that the X variable has the most impact on user behavior. But a panel survey, administered after a long duration, will prove otherwise. This change reflects the variable’s effect over time.

Cons:

This method may jeopardize data quality if the respondent is a member of two or more similar panels.
Respondents may decide to answer surveys based on the incentives they receive.

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6. Phone Survey

Almost everyone has a phone now. That’s why phone surveys are incredibly convenient. It also allows anonymity in case of sensitive questions.

When to Use Them

Well, these survey types are mostly useful for gathering feedback from older demographics. Older generations are more comfortable with phone surveys than navigating through the intricacies of new technologies.

Pros:

If the interviewer is skillful, it can also lend a personal touch which helps build a relationship.
In market research, CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) has led to a faster way to handle and process data obtained from phone surveys.
Phone interviews are effortless since the survey displays on the computer screen, and the interviewer can easily record answers with a mouse and keyboard.

Cons:

Phone surveys are time-constrained and usually can’t go longer than 15 minutes.
Many people screen their calls to accept only select callers and may not attend calls from an unknown number.
Phone surveys can be mistaken as telemarketing calls and perceived negatively.

7. Mail Surveys

Mail surveys are questionnaires distributed and delivered via postal service to a sample audience. Respondents then have to complete these surveys and return them via mail.

When drafting a mail survey, ensure that the study does not exceed one page. Also, include a cover letter with your enterprise letterhead and the purpose of this survey. In addition, it should include details like the survey deadline and the incentives on offer.

When to Use Them

This type of survey method is good for reaching individuals in a more personal matter. It can be effective for surveys that require thoughtful responses. Survey respondents can take amble amount of time to respond.

Pros:

Mail surveys are straightforward and consist of a few open-ended questions.
Mail surveys may seem old-fashioned, but they also offer a sense of authenticity.

Cons:

While mail surveys are convenient for the respondent, it also requires their effort. Thus it has a high chance of being ignored, especially if the target respondents are busy professionals.
There is the cost of printing, envelopes, and postage.

8. Kiosk Surveys

You might have seen product promotion kiosks at your local mall or self-service kiosks at your favorite restaurant. The latest kiosks also offer consumers the feature of taking surveys. Kiosk surveys aim to collect feedback immediately after interaction with the brand.

When to Use Them

These are best used in locations like in-store where immediate customer feedback is valuable. It's suitable for short surveys that collect quantitative feedback quickly. Simple example, I when customers are asked fill in their satisfaction level at a retail store.

Pros:

Kiosks within the establishment ensure that customers can casually take the survey with no pressure.
Kiosk surveys are also suitable for areas with spotty wifi because they don’t require a net connection.
Kiosk surveys can capture feedback immediately, especially when the in-store experience is fresh in the customers’ minds. This real-time feedback provides brands with a clear picture.

For example: Suppose a brand has five branches set up within the same city. Kiosk surveys offer the fantastic advantage of gaining responses from customers across multiple branches.

Cons:

Just about anyone can take these surveys. Even people who aren’t customers may end up taking the survey – especially if incentives are on offer.
Since kiosks are often a part of the in-store experience, customers may not notice a survey kiosk or ignore it.
In addition, if the kiosk faces technical issues, this may end up ruining the survey-taking experience.

9. Paper Surveys

Many feel that paper surveys are a thing of the past. But paper surveys help to get responses from difficult-to-reach audiences.

When to Use Them

Oldest survey method in the list. These are mostly used in places where digital access is very limited. This type of survey is appealing, especially to older populations.

These are highly effective in events and waiting rooms where respondents can fill them out immediately after an experience.

Pros:

Paper surveys, in conjunction with online surveys, can boost response rates.
Moreover, a paper survey is the best alternative when the respondent cannot access its online version.
Moreover, not everyone is tech-savvy enough to be at ease with online surveys. For an audience like this, paper surveys are a more effective tool.

For example: Senior citizens may prefer a paper-based survey. So they are printed on a white background and in easy-to-read large fonts.

Cons:

With its printing costs, the paper surveys method is expensive.
Paper surveys are not environmentally friendly.
Unlike online surveys, paper surveys lack an extra layer of data security like password authentication.

10. SMS Surveys

SMS surveys let you gather user feedback through text messages. When you send an SMS, be it manually or using SMS marketing platforms, users can either text a shortcode to access the survey or click on the survey link through their phones.

When to Use Them

SMS surveys are ideal for sharing with younger demographics who frequently use mobile devices. It's a quicker way to reach your audience, but considering the nature of text messages, the survey you can share has to be short.

Pros:

This survey method is ideal for collecting feedback on recent events.
SMS surveys have a high opening rate of 98% compared to emails at just 22%.

However, it’s necessary to have permission from the users to send them the surveys. Ensure that the messages are short, and make the responses quantifiable rather than ask for qualitative feedback.

For example: You can measure the NPS for a particular interaction right after it happens.

Cons:

There’s limited space for elaboration in a text message. This makes SMS surveys unsuitable for studies that need an introduction or context for better answers.
These types of survey methods can be costly depending on the carrier charges.

11. Social Media Surveys

Social media platforms offer built-in survey tools like Facebook polls, Instagram story polls, and LinkedIn polls that allow you to quickly gather feedback from your followers.

When to Use Them

Social media surveys are perfect for quick opinion polls, trend research, and engaging with your audience. They work especially well for brands with established social media followings.

Pros:

Extremely easy to create and deploy
Can reach large audiences quickly
High visibility and engagement rates
Free to use on most platforms
Can leverage existing follower base

Cons:

Limited to your social media audience (potential sampling bias)
Typically restricted to simple question formats
Limited data analysis capabilities
Results may be publicly visible
Short lifespan of visibility (especially on stories)

12. Email Surveys

Email surveys involve sending questionnaires directly to respondents’ email inboxes, either embedded in the email or as a link to an external survey platform.

When to Use Them

Email surveys work best when targeting existing customers or subscribers with whom you already have a relationship. They’re excellent for detailed feedback collection when you have a quality email list.

Pros:

Direct delivery to intended recipients
Can include personalization elements
Allows for comprehensive question sets
Trackable open and completion rates
Cost-effective for large distributions

Cons:

Increasingly competitive inbox environment
Potential for low response rates (industry average 15-25%)
Dependent on email deliverability
May be filtered as promotional content
Requires an existing email list

13. Mobile App Surveys

In-app surveys appear within mobile applications, allowing companies to gather feedback during the user experience without requiring users to leave the app environment.

When to Use Them

Mobile app surveys are ideal for collecting feedback about the app experience itself, feature requests, or user satisfaction at critical moments in the user journey.

Pros:

Captures feedback in the context of the user experience
Can trigger based on specific user actions or events
Typically achieves higher response rates than email
Seamless user experience within the app
Can include app-specific context data automatically

Cons:

Limited to your app users only
Development resources required for implementation
Risk of disrupting the user experience if poorly timed
Limited question formats to maintain simplicity
May reduce app retention if overused

SurveySparrow offers a simple, non-intrusive way to collect user insights with mobile app survey.

14. Video Surveys

Video surveys collect responses through recorded video instead of text or multiple-choice answers, allowing respondents to express themselves more naturally and comprehensively.

When to Use Them

Video surveys excel when you need rich, qualitative feedback with visual and emotional context, such as user testing, product reactions, or customer testimonials.

Pros:

Captures facial expressions and emotional responses
Provides richer context than text-based answers
Allows respondents to demonstrate issues or experiences
Creates compelling testimonial content
Reduces misinterpretation of responses

Cons:

Higher technological barrier for respondents
More time-consuming to complete than text surveys
Requires more privacy considerations
More complex to analyze at scale
May discourage participation from camera-shy respondents

SurveySparrow’s Video Survey feature allows you to collect and analyze video responses while maintaining the simplicity of traditional surveys.

15. QR Code Surveys

QR code surveys use scannable codes that direct respondents to a mobile-optimized survey, bridging the gap between physical locations and digital feedback collection.

When to Use Them

QR code surveys are perfect for collecting feedback at physical locations like retail stores, restaurants, events, product packaging, or printed materials.

Pros:

Seamlessly connects offline experiences to online surveys
Requires minimal effort from respondents
Can be placed on virtually any physical medium
Provides context-specific feedback at the moment of experience
Tracks scan locations and times for additional insights

Cons:

Requires smartphones with cameras and internet access
Dependent on respondent initiative to scan
May face technical issues with code scanning in poor lighting
Potential privacy concerns from some users
May need educational prompts for less tech-savvy audiences

Use this to generate your QR code.

How to Choose the Apt Survey Method

There are varied types of survey methods in research. You can choose one or a mix of many. Here are some of the factors to keep in mind while choosing your survey research methods:

Target population: If your target population can be enumerated, then you can easily pick a sample from the list of names you have at hand. Online or phone surveys are not used for populations that are difficult to enumerate or list. If your target population is illiterate, it is advisable to do a face-to-face survey.
Sample size: If your sample is small, it’s easier to carry out face-to-face surveys. On the other hand, you may need to deploy online surveys to guarantee higher response rates for a larger sample.
Duration of research: If your study lasts longer, especially if the same sample takes the surveys, a panel survey would be apt. Other types of survey methods are sufficient for collecting data at a single point in time.
Facility and infrastructure: Ensure that you have the infrastructure required for your survey. In phone surveys, you would require phone surveying facilities. For conducting focus groups, you would need a comfortable room and equipment to record responses.
Costs incurred: Face-to-face surveys are expensive since there is a high cost of training and hiring interviewers. The same goes for mail surveys and associated postage.

If you’re looking for a cost-effective survey tool, give SurveySparrow a try. From classic online surveys to chat, SMS, and even QR codes, you can access more ways to share your survey for free.

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Wrapping Up

Surveys are a systematic form of collecting primary, raw data from your target audience. It is one of the most effective ways to conduct research.

In this article, we discussed the numerous survey methods and how to choose the one most apt for you. Each one has its pros and cons. Ultimately, the survey method you select will depend upon numerous factors such as cost, response rates needed, target audience, and duration of research. Choose wisely!

Want to learn more about creating effective surveys? Check out our guide on how to create a survey that gets results.

15 Types of Surveys: Complete Guide with Examples & Best Practices [2025]